Access to confidential judicial documents is typically restricted to authorized individuals involved in the case. This often includes the judge, litigants, their legal counsel, and court personnel. In certain circumstances, others may petition the court for access, such as researchers, journalists, or members of the public with a demonstrated need. For example, a historian researching a specific legal precedent might request access to relevant sealed documents.
Restricting access to certain court records serves several crucial purposes. It protects sensitive information, such as trade secrets, personal medical data, and the identities of minors or vulnerable individuals. Confidentiality can also be vital for ensuring the integrity of ongoing investigations and protecting witnesses from potential harm or intimidation. Historically, the practice of sealing court records has evolved alongside developing legal systems, reflecting a balance between transparency and the need to safeguard individual rights and the proper administration of justice.
